Monday, October 18, 2021

BUILDING BACK BETTER DREAMS

Striving to better, oft we mar what’s well. ~ William Shakespeare (King Lear) 

The Dems’ much-vaunted and massively comprehensive “Build Back Better” (BBB) agenda was first discussed by Joe Biden before his inauguration last January. Since then, it has evolved on a regular basis. The BBB includes three major pieces: first, the covid-19 relief American Rescue Plan (ARP) with a $1.9 trillion (T) budget that Congress passed via reconciliation in March. Second, the American Jobs Plan (AJP); and third, the American Families Plan (AFP).

I liken the Dems’ process for passing the Build Back Better legislation to constructing a 271-piece jigsaw puzzle, filled with oddly, sometimes changing shaped pieces. There are now 220 Dems in the House and 50 in the Senate, plus the vital, tie-breaking Dem VP, Kamala Harris piece in the Senate, totaling 271. The Dems’ have been wrestling for months among themselves to design and secure the best AJP and AFP programs. At times, their conduct seems as if each and every Dem piece claims to be at the center of the puzzle.


So far, puzzle masters Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer have been reasonably successful in their initial rounds of piece placement. Their efforts produced passage of the important ARP package that the president signed into law on Mar. 11. Sen. Schumer succeeded in the Senate’s passing the AJP on August 10. The AFP is stuck in both branches by the Dems’ internal struggles. The process has a ways to go before a hoped-for victory can be realized. 

This puzzle-making process is complicated. The Dems’ Progs and moderates have distinctly different ideas about what’s best for the AJP and AWP as well as themselves. In no small part because they likely will face different prospects for winning their Nov. 8, 2022 mid-term elections, depending on the BBB’s final construction and its public reception. These elections are mentioned now in the media as if they will happen the day after tomorrow. It’s actually 386 days from today.

The $1.2T AJP, primarily a physical infrastructure component of the BBB, was passed by a bipartisan majority in the Senate 69-30 and is now awaiting a contentious and delayed vote in the House. When the White House first proposed the jobs plan, they budgeted $2.6T expenditures to be spent over 8 years. Negotiations with Congress reduced this initial budget by 46% to $1.2T. This budget apparently includes a mere $550 billion of new funding, whatever that means. Many media outlets now further deflate the AJP to a $1T effort; apparently for Congress and the media $200 billion (B) is rounding error. After hearing these numbers, my sense is they’re at best illusory until the president signs his name on the laws.

This significant budget deflation in the AJP’s initial fiscal scope isn’t that unusual; it’s an almost normal part of the thoroughly arcane legislative process as many expenditure bills wind their way through multiple House and Senate committees to eventual floor votes.

The Dems’ internecine struggle between the Progs and their more moderate colleagues regarding the size and focus of the AFP has occupied media headlines for several months. The Progs outlined an initial budget of a utopian $6T for their family “infrastructure” support plan. Such colossal largess never was in the minds of moderates, fearful of their ensuing mid-term election chances. For a while now, the AFP has hovered at $3.5T. Progressive Dems’ dreams about such fiscal bounty wax mildly euphoric even at this lower budget level.

Altogether, the BBB plan could total $6.6T over the next decade. That is a lot of money, no matter how you dice it. This sum represents $19,800 for each and every US adult and child. The plan covers everything from free infant preschool and community-college tuition, expanded Medicare/Medicaid coverage, new electric bike and increased electric vehicle subsidies, much-reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to lots of things in-between.

The scope of the BBB plan is so wide-ranging that no one really knows its exact content, only its rough cost – to the nearest hundred billion greenbacks or so. The White House Fact Sheets for the AJP and AFP list 69 different activities these two programs will undertake.

Unfortunately, such dramatic programmatic breadth is not accompanied by a comparably large margin for the Dems’ congressional votes. They have no votes to spare in the Senate versus the Repubs, and only 3 in the House.

This political headwind has struck the Dems in the guise of Senators Joe Manchin and Krysten Sinema or as they’ve colloquially become known, Sen. Mansema. Neither the AJP or AFP will become law without Mansema’s two Senate votes.

Last week the thoroughly enigmatic Sen. Sinema took a brief Parisian jaunt in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, despite there being no saguaro cactus but surrounded by sublime baguettes. Perhaps her respite will provide perspective allowing her to explicitly state her AJP objections.

Sen. Manchin laid down his political Maginot Line on Oct. 14 when he said he was not in favor of the AJP’s Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP). This program will provide incentives for electric utilities to increase their annual investments in renewable power sources, and penalties if they don’t. He also previously mentioned he’d like to see the AJP’s budget reduced to below $2T. Reducing the scope and spending for the AFP is thus a reasonable likelihood.

In response to Sen. Manchin, the White House is seeking alternative mechanisms to reduce GHG, including creating a carbon tax. Many economists have long supported a carbon tax, but it has uniformly failed politically when attempted at the state level.[1] It’s very hard to see how the administration could support such a tax when the president has strongly vowed not to raise taxes on anyone making less than $400,000 and given its singularly unsuccessful political history in the US. Talk of a carbon tax as a CEPP replacement mostly signals desperation within the administration.

Sen. Manchin’s complaint about the CEPP is that it will suffer from a significant free-rider problem, expressing that he has ”concerns about using taxpayer dollars to pay private companies to do things they’re already doing.” I suspect Sen. Manchin’s free-rider criticism is mostly a red herring about green energy policy, given that bituminous coal runs through his veins.

A growing number of regulated electric utilities have increased their green power production because of state-mandated Renewable Portfolio Standards, not federal rules. However, only 38 states have such standards currently.

Last year, renewable power accounted for 20% of US electric power generation, an all-time high, but still just one greenish kWh for every five brownish ones produced. The CEPP will provide uniform, nation-wide incentives and penalties for expanding green/renewable power’s share of national electricity production.

I’m surprised the president folded so soon against Sen. Manchin; he should call Sen. Manchin’s bluff on the CEPP. Without the CEPP, the AJP will suffer diminished projected GHG emission reductions by as much as 33%. That would represent a significant tragedy of the capitol commons and beyond in the real US. If the White House agrees to remove or curb the CEPP in order to pass the AJP, it will also complicate President Biden’s discussions at the up-coming UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland.

There’s no doubt that furious closed-door brokering of alternative specifics for the final AJP and AFP will continue on the Hill and the White House for a while longer. Several pieces of the BBB puzzle have yet to be placed on the table. I hope the Dems understand that outlaying ever-larger funds to government agencies does not necessarily mean citizens’ lives will be ever-better or ever-more equitable. Because of their scope, these programs will be subject to hefty amounts of unintended consequences. From their outset, these programs must be appreciated as successful and effective or blowback will hamper the Dems.

It’s worthwhile remembering that the total federal budget for last year (FY2020) was $6.6T, the same dollar amount that the BBB is hoping to spend additionally over the next 8-10 years. Enlarging the federal governments’ duties – and consequent amplification of state and local government activities – needs to be done effectively.

Recent expansions in such obligations have been shaky, include those providing child care and rent relief payments. Fewer than 60% of families with incomes less than $25,000 properly received their due monthly child benefits. California barely managed to distribute less than 2% of its $5.2B of federal rent relief funds during the program’s first 3 months last year. The CA agency responsible for providing this benefit cited problems with its anti-fraud procedures. Perhaps the agency believed if it provided an all too slender amount of relief funds to qualified applicants, they would not have to worry as much about fraud? Such shoddy implementation results in exasperation, as well as the public’s downgraded view of government competency.

Unfortunately, there’s been little if any discussion about how the proposed panoply of significantly large benefit programs in the BBB will actually be implemented. Polling shows that the administration’s wobbly implementation of several recent programs is one factor that has just reduced by more than 20% the public’s support for having the government “do more to solve the nation’s problems.”

This is not good news for the Dems. The institutional stress on public agencies that will have responsibilities for successfully administering these giant, complex programs will be immense.

Dems, particularly Progs, would be wise to head such forewarnings. The Dems require strong, positive public support to extend and broaden their big BBB programs. This can happen by reducing the number and/or scope of several BBB programs, allowing each one to receive relatively more funding and attention, even if the top-line budget is reduced as it likely will be.

Although a majority of the public has all too little knowledge about specific BBB programs, recent polls say the most popular AFP programs are universal prekindergarten and reducing Medicare drug prices, the least popular is free community college.

Assembling the BBB puzzle will take insight, care and modesty. The Dems should remember Shakespeare’s Learian lament that demanding perfection can result in gaining next to nothing. They should consider fewer BBB programs to do better, not all of them and do worse.

 



[1] Failures include two ballot attempts by the State of Washington to initiate a carbon tax. Several other states have proposed carbon taxes, none have been implemented. The city of Boulder, CO initiated a local carbon tax in 2006; it’s still in effect. A federal carbon tax is regularly proposed in the Congress, but no formal carbon tax legislation has ever passed. 


 

 

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